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| TERM | DEFINITION | POLSKIE TŁUMACZENIE | CATEGORY |
|---|---|---|---|
| cast | the actors in a film, play, or show | obsada | Development: Crew |
| casting director | a person responsible for casting the Actors | reżyser obsady | Development: Crew |
| consultant (production) | a person using their knowledge to advise filmmakers in the subject area of their expertise | konsultant | Development: Crew |
| executive producer (EP) | the head producer who supervises other producers in the creation of a body of work. An executive producer may work independently or on behalf of the studio, financiers or the distributors | producent wykonawczy | Development: Crew |
| leading producer | the producer that initiates work on the film and hires others to help them achieve their mission. Typically owns most right to the finished film | główny producent | Development: Crew |
| line producer | a type of film producer who is the key manager during daily operations. Usually works on one film at a time. They are responsible for human resources and handling any problems that come up during production. Line producers also manage the budget | producent liniowy (odpowiedzialny za całościową realizację filmu oraz budżet filmu) | Development: Crew |
| location scout | someone whose job is finding suitable places for filming television programmes, films, etc. | scout lokacji filmowych | Development: Crew |
| location scouting | finding suitable places for filming | poszukiwanie lokacji, scouting | Development: Crew |
| minority producer | a producer of national origin providing less than the largest share of financing | producent mniejszościowy | Development: Crew |
| script supervisor / continuity supervisor / script | oversees the continuity of the film including wardrobe, props, set dressing, hair, makeup and the actions of the actors in a scene. Their notes are used to help the editor cut the scene. They also keep track of the film production unit's daily progress | sekretarka planu, script | Development: Crew |
| talent pool | talent available for work when required or considered as a resource | pula talentów | Development: Crew |
| above-the-line costs | portion of the budget that covers major creative participants (writer, director, actors and producer) including script and story development costs | koszty związane z pracą części twórców, zgodnie z podziałem i strukturą ekipy w krajach anglosaskich (US, UK) | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| accounting | keeping records of the money a person or organisation earns and spends | księgowość, rachunkowość | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| adjusted gross participation | gross participation minus certain costs, such as cost of advertising and duplication. Also called 'Rolling Gross'. If many deductions are allowed, the participant is essentially getting a 'net profit' deal | wpływy pomniejszone o koszty P&A oraz inne zatwierdzone przez strony (np. koszty collection agency) | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| advance | up-front payment that counts against monies that may be payable at some time in the future. Non-recoupable advances are payments that are not refundable even if future monies are never due | zaliczka | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| affirm | to ratify or approve | zatwierdzać | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| aforesaid | previously said | wyżej wymieniony, wcześniej wspomniany | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| agreement, deal | a decision or arrangement, often formal and written, between two or more groups or people | porozumienie, umowa | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| amend | to change, modify | poprawiać, korygować | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| ancillary rights | ancillary rights refer to all rights that are related to exploiting property in ways that are different from their original format. | prawa zależne (prawo do opracowań cudzego utworu np. tłumaczenie, przeróbka, adaptacja) oraz uprawnienia do korzystania z elementów filmu /merchandising, sequele, seriale tv, sztuki teatralne, książki, seriale internetowe, ścieżki dźwiękowe, komiksy, gry | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| assign | to transfer | cedować | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| assignee | a person receiving property by assignment | cesjonariusz, beneficjent | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| assignor | a person giving or transferring property to another | cedent | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| attorney-in-fact | a person authorised to act for another | pełnomocnik prawny | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| audit | an examination of the accounts of a business to check that they have been done according to accepted standards | audyt | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| back end compensation | a way for the author of the source material, or anybody else participating who may be eligible to get some 'profit participation'. This means that they are then paid some of the profit the film makes after it breaks even | dodatkowy wpływ po zwrocie wkładów koprodukcyjnych i inwestycyjnych, a przed podziałem zysku netto między wszystkich udziałowców | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| balance sheet | a statement that shows the value of a company's assets (= things of positive value) and its debts | zestawienie bilansowe | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| bank opinion letter | a statement issued by the bank at the request of the account owner, which describes important facts related to the possession and use of a bank account and possibly a loan | opinia bankowa | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| bank statement | a record of the money put into and removed from a bank account | wyciąg z konta | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| below-the-line costs | the technical expenses and labour including set construction, crew, camera equipment, film stock, developing and printing | koszty związane z organizacją produkcji i planu zdjęciowego oraz ekipy technicznej | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| benefit of the bargain | the advantage that would be or have been gained under a contract if completed as agreed specifically, the difference between the actual value of property and the value of property as it is represented | korzyści płynące z tranzakcji | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| box office | "a measure of how popular and financially successful a film or actor is; the place in a cinema or theatre where tickets are sold" | wpływy z biletów osiągnięte przez film, kasa biletowa | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| breach of contract | the act of breaking an agreement | naruszenie umowy, niedotrzymanie umowy | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| cashflow | the amount of money moving into and out of a business | przepływ gotówki | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| chain of title | a series of documents which establishes proprietary rights in a film | dokumentacja potwierdzająca kolejność właścicieli praw i ich pełne nabycie | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| completion bond | a promise by an insurance company to the person or financial organisation financing a project that it will provide the money needed to complete the project, even if something unexpected happens | ubezpieczenie powodzenia produkcji / ukończenia realizacji filmu | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| contingency | a sum of money set aside in case the film goes over budget | rezerwa budżetowa | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| copyright | the legal right to control all use of an original work, such as a book, play, movie, or piece of music, for a particular period of time | prawa autorskie do dzieła | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| cost report | a formal summary of the production and cost activity within a department for a reporting period | raport kosztowy | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| court | a place where trials and other legal cases happen, or the people present in such a place, especially the officials and those deciding if someone is guilty | sąd | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| deal memo | an term used to describe a document which summarises the key points of a contract between two or more parties, signed before the actual, long, detailed agreement | dokument będący hasłowym skrótem najważniejszych założeń współpracy, podpisywany przed szczegółową finalną umową | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| deduct | subtract | odejmować, odliczać | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| deferred payment | in a deferral deal, cast or crew or a vendor agrees to defer all or part of their pay until the production has the money to pay them or the film sells | płatność odroczona za porozumieniem stron | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| direct costs | film costs associated with physically producing a film, as well as allocations of production overhead and capitalised interest. Examples of these direct costs are cast compensation, post-production, set construction, sound synchronisation, story costs, and wardrobe | koszt bezpośredni | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| dispute | an argument or disagreement, especially an official one | spór | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| escrow account | an account managed by a neutral third-party to safeguard financial transactions | rachunek zabezpieczony, rachunek powierniczy | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| fee | an amount of money paid for a particular piece of work or for a particular right or service | opłata, stawka | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| financial investment | the act of providing money for a business rather than other forms of investment such as effort or time or the money provided | inwestycja finansowa | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| financial statement | a piece of paper that lists financial details | sprawozdanie finansowe | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| first-dollar gross | the practice in filmmaking, in which the participant receives a percentage of gross revenue from the box office starting from a film's first day of release. The participant begins to share in the profits from the first ticket sale, without waiting for the film studio to make a profit | praktyka, która umożliwia stronie umowy otrzymanie procentu przychodu kasowego brutto od pierwszego dnia premiery filmu | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| flat rate | a charge that remains the same regardless of the length of work, no. of shooting days etc. | zryczałtowana opłata | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| fringes | supplementary wage and nonwage payments or benefits one receives from their employer / producer | dodatkowe świadczenia finansowe | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| gross | in total before tax or other contributions | brutto | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| gross participation | a piece of gross receipts without any deductions for distribution fees or expenses or production costs. However, deductions for checking and collection costs, residuals and taxes are usually deductible. A 'piece of the gross' is the most advantageous type of participation from the participant’s point of view. In an audit, it is the most easily verified form of participation | udział brutto | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| in perpetuity | forever | na zawsze / bez ograniczeń czasowych | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| in-kind investment | the contribution of properties other than cash to the investment object such as a company in the expectation of some benefit in the future | wkład rzeczowy | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| interest | money that is charged by a bank or other financial organisation for borrowing money | odsetki | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| irrevocable | that which cannot be revoked or recalled | nieodwołalny | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| lawsuit | a problem taken to a law court by an ordinary person or an organisation rather than the police in order to obtain a legal decision | pozew | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| lawyer | someone whose job is to give advice to people about the law and speak for them in court | prawnik | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| licensee | a person who is given a license or permission to do something | licencjobiorca | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| licensor | a person who gives or grants a license | licencjodawca | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| limited partnership | a form of business enterprise commonly used to finance films. General partners initiate and control the partnership; limited partners are the investors and have no control of the running of the partnership business and no legal or financial liabilities beyond the amount they have invested | spółka komandytowa | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| litigation | a lawsuit. Proceedings in a court of law | proces, spór sądowy | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| maximise | to make something as great in amount, size, or importance as possible | maksymalizować | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| minimise | to reduce something to the least possible level or amount | minimalizować, redukować | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| minimum guarantee | the fee that the distributor agrees to pay a producer for the right to distribute the completed film | minimum gwarantowane / MG | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| negative cost | actual cost of producing a film including the manufacture of a completed negative (does not include costs of prints or advertising). It may be defined to include overhead expenses, interest and other expenses, which may inflate the amount way beyond what was actually spent to make the film | koszt netto potrzebny do wyprodukowania i nakręcenia filmu, z wyłączeniem takich wydatków jak dystrybucja i promocja | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| net | the amount of profit that a business has left after tax has been paid | netto | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| net profit | what is left, if anything, after all allowable deductions are taken. This usually amounts to zero. Typically expressed in terms of a portion of 100% of net profits, such as 5% of 100% | zysk netto | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| non-disclosure agreement (NDA) | a confidentiality agreement; a legally binding contract in which one party agrees to give a second party confidential information about its business or products and the second party agrees not to share this information with anyone else for a specified period of time. NDAs are used to protect sensitive information and intellectual property by outlining in detail what information must remain private and what information can be shared or released to the public | umowa o zachowaniu poufności | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| obligation | a duty imposed by law, courtesy or contract | zobowiązanie | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| occasional | not happening or done often or regularly | okazjonalny | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| own contribution | one's own input | wkład własny | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| pari passu | equitably, without preference, i.e. according to the amount of each investor’s investment divided by the total recoupable cost of production | proporcjonalny (inaczej 'parytetowy') podział np. zysków lub należności | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| parties of an agreement | people or sides involved in a formal agreement | strony umowy | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| per-diem | for each day; an amount of money paid for each day that an employee works away from their home or their office, used to pay for food, travelling, etc. | dieta | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| personal investment | a financial investment by a person, rather than by a business or a financial institution | inwestycja osobista | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| pro rata | a pro rata contribution or recoupment is one that is provided or received in proportion to the contributor / recipient's interest in the project | płatność proporcjonalna | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| quitclaim | to release or relinquish a claim. To execute a deed of quitclaim | rezygnacja z roszczeń | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| rank | to have a position higher or lower than others, or to be considered to have such a position | stopień, ranga | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| recce | a pre-filming visit to a location to determine its suitability for shooting | dokumentacja | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| receipt | something such as a piece of paper or message proving that money, goods, or information have been received | pokwitowanie, paragon | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| receipts | revenues; the amount of money received during a particular period by a business or government | przychody, wpływy | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| recoupment | to get back money that you have spent, lost or invested | stopniowy zwrot inwestycji lub nakładów | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| registry documents | legal documents confirming the existence and running of a business or company | dokumenty rejestrowe | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| related rights or neighbouring rights | the rights of performers, phonogram producers and broadcasting organisations | prawa pokrewne - prawa do artystycznych wykonań: artystów wykonawców np. aktorów, wokalistów, lektorów oraz producentów fono i wideogramów, organizacji radiowych, telewizyjnych czy wydawców | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| rescind (rescission) | to cancel the contract in such a way as if it had never been signed | odstąpić od umowy | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| rider | an addition to an official or legal document | załącznik do umowy | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| royalties | money that a writer or musician earns in royalty payments (= payments received for each book, dialogue) | tantiemy | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| scale | the minimum salary permitted by the guilds | minimalna płaca dozwolona przez gildie czy związki | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| stake | a share or a financial involvement in something such as a business | udział (w interesie) | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| subtract | to deduct; to take away an amount or part of a total, to remove a number from another | odejmować | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| successor-in-interest | one who follows another in ownership or control of property | następca prawny w przedmiotowej działalności | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| successors | persons entitled to property of a decedent by will or as an heir | spadkobiercy | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| tax ID | tax identification number | identyfikator podatkowy (NIP) | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| to file a complaint | to submit a formal statement to complain | złożyć skargę, złożyć zażalenie | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| warranty | "a promise. An assurance by one party as to the existence of a fact upon which the other party may rely " | gwarancja | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| waterfall | an overview of how money from foreign sales and domestic distribution deals flows to the filmmaker. The top of the waterfall is the money source, and the bottom of the waterfall is the filmmaker | kolejność i wysokość wypłacania należności | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| wire money | to send money using an electrical communication system | przelewać pieniądze | Development: Finance & Contracts |
| antagonist | a character that puts barriers in the way of a protagonist’s progress or objective | antagonista / przeciwnik | Development: Script / Characters |
| archetype | a universal character modelled upon all the characters appearing in narrative history | archetyp, pierwowzór | Development: Script / Characters |
| character | a person, animal, or spiritual entity that figures importantly in the telling of a story | postać | Development: Script / Characters |
| character development | the gradual revelation of information about a character that the audience needs to know in order to understand the character’s motivations and intent | rozwój postaci | Development: Script / Characters |
| dynamic character | when the character’s attitude changes throughout a story | bohater dynamiczny | Development: Script / Characters |
| protagonist | the main character whom the audience identifies with or cares about in a story | protagonista | Development: Script / Characters |
| static character | when a character’s attitude remains the same throughout a story | bohater statyczny | Development: Script / Characters |
| supporting character | a subplot character or minor character who helps to raise the stakes for the main protagonist, or who reflects the same problems or issues of the protagonist, while providing texture or dimensionality to the setting | postać drugoplanowa | Development: Script / Characters |
| transformational arc | the parabolic shift in polar attitudes of a character from a point A to a point B during the course of a story | zmiana losów postaci | Development: Script / Characters |
| ambience | the overall quality of mood, tone or atmosphere in a film | nastrój | Development: Script / General |
| atmosphere | the dominant mood or emotional tone of a film | atmosfera | Development: Script / General |
| catharsis | the emotional effect achieved through fulfilment, redemption sharing a secret that was weighing on a character etc. | katharsis, oczyszczenie | Development: Script / General |
| climax | the point of highest intensity and suspense just before a resolution | punkt kulminacyjny | Development: Script / General |
| denouement | the final resolution to an intricate plot | zwieńczenie, rozwiązanie historii / przebiegu akcji | Development: Script / General |
| foreshadowing | an indication of events yet to come | zapowiedź wydarzeń | Development: Script / General |
| motif | a recurring image, sound, line, action or other element that makes a symbolic, allegorical, metaphoric or thematic point in a film | motyw przewodni, leitmotiv | Development: Script / General |
| ordeal | a very unpleasant and prolonged experience | męka, gehenna, ciężka próba | Development: Script / General |
| pace | the intensity, rhythm or speed of a story’s plot action | tempo akcji | Development: Script / General |
| tone | the attitude toward a subject or story that is being expressed by the writer or director of a screenplay or film (such as cynicism, hope, anger, optimism, sadness, or wonder) | wydźwięk, nastrój | Development: Script / General |
| action | the overt, physical actions that happen on screen, such as 'He falls down the stairs' or 'She pulls a gun, hands shaking'. | akcja, ruch | Development: Script / General |
| adaptations | derivative works. When a motion picture is based on a book, the movie has been adapted from the book | adaptacje | Development: Script / General |
| ally | a person or organisation that cooperates with or helps another in a particular activity | sprzymierzeniec, sojusznik | Development: Script / General |
| alter | to slightly change something, improve | zmieniać, modyfikować, ulepszać | Development: Script / General |
| ambiguous | not clear and decided | dwuznaczny, niejednoznaczny, niesprecyzowany | Development: Script / General |
| anxiety | a feeling of worry, nervousness or unease about something | lęk, stres, spięcie, obawa | Development: Script / General |
| artsy | arty; Making a strong affected, or pretentious display of being artistic or interested in the arts. | pretensjonalny | Development: Script / General |
| assertive | confident and not frightened to say what they want or believe | stanowczy, asertywny | Development: Script / General |
| at stake | at risk | zagrożony, na szali | Development: Script / General |
| authenticity | the quality of being real or true | autentyczność, oryginalność | Development: Script / General |
| blank slate | tabula rasa; something with no existing restraints that can be freely developed | pierwotny stan umysłu człowieka, niezapisana karta, tabula rasa | Development: Script / General |
| blueprint | an early plan or design that explains how something might be achieved | plan, strategia, model działania | Development: Script / General |
| buddy film (movie) | a popular film genre in which two protagonists (often confidantes) are in pursuit of the same objective (willingly or unwillingly) and sometimes trade off as catalysts to one another | film o przyjaźni (zazwyczaj męskiej) | Development: Script / General |
| camaraderie | friendliness | koleżeństwo | Development: Script / General |
| come across as | appear or sound in a specified way; give a specified impression | sprawiać wrażenie, wydawać się | Development: Script / General |
| coming-of-age film | a film that depicts one or more young protagonists facing a key moment of personal growth from childhood to adulthood | film o dojrzewaniu | Development: Script / General |
| convey | to express a thought, feeling, or idea so that it is understood by other people | wyrażać, przekazywać (np. emocje, treść) | Development: Script / General |
| cross-genre | two or more genres combined to create a richer and more complex movie (e.g., Witness is a cross genre of an “action thriller” and a “tragic love story”) | film międzygatunkowy | Development: Script / General |
| dialogue | any spoken lines in a film by an actor/actress based upon a script; may be considered overlapping if two or more characters speak simultaneously | dialog | Development: Script / General |
| dimensionality | richness of atmosphere or texture added to a film by means of smaller elements, such as supporting characters, background actions or dialogue and small details of design | wymiarowość | Development: Script / General |
| diverse | including many different types of people or things | różnorodny, rozmaity, odmienny, zróżnicowany | Development: Script / General |
| diversity | the fact of there being people of many different groups in society, within an organization, etc. | różnorodność, rozmaitość | Development: Script / General |
| emerge | to appear by coming out of something or out from behind something | wyłaniać, się, ukazywać się | Development: Script / General |
| encounter | to meet | spotykać, napotkać, natknąć się | Development: Script / General |
| ensemble | a group of things or people acting or taken together as a whole, especially a group of musicians who regularly play together | zespół muzyków, śpiewaków lub aktorów; ansambl | Development: Script / General |
| face off | to take up an attitude of confrontation, especially at the start of a fight or game | starcie | Development: Script / General |
| fiery | having a passionate and quick-tempered nature | ognisty, zapalczywy | Development: Script / General |
| flesh out | to add more details or information to something | uszczegółowić | Development: Script / General |
| flop | a failure | film, który jest porażką (głównie finansową), klapa | Development: Script / General |
| genre | a style or category of art, music, or literature | gatunek | Development: Script / General |
| graphic | giving clear and vividly explicit details | obrazowy | Development: Script / General |
| have a crush on | be infatuated by someone | być zadurzonym w kimś, podkochiwać się w kimś | Development: Script / General |
| heap sth on sb | direct a great deal of praise, abuse, criticism, etc. at (someone or something) | kierować w czyjąś stronę pochwały lub krytykę | Development: Script / General |
| heist film (movie) | a film that focuses on the planning, execution and aftermath of a large robbery | podgatunek filmu kryminalnego o grupie ludzi, którzy próbują coś ukraść (np. pieniądze) | Development: Script / General |
| hireability | the quality of being hireable or the likelihood of being hired | jakość i możliwość zatrudnienia | Development: Script / General |
| humility | the quality of having a modest or low view of one's importance | pokora, skromność, łagodność, nieśmiałość | Development: Script / General |
| immersive | generating a three-dimensional image which appears to surround the user | pochłaniający, wciągający | Development: Script / General |
| in pursuit of | following, chasing | w pogoni za | Development: Script / General |
| inaugural | marking the beginning of an institution, activity, or period of office | inauguracyjny, wstępny | Development: Script / General |
| longline | a one-sentence summary or description of a movie, it distils the important elements of the screenplay—main character, setup, central conflict, antagonist | jedno-, dwuzdaniowa sentencja określająca bohatera, konflikt i stawkę historii | Development: Script / General |
| mandate | an official order or requirement to do something | rozkaz, zlecenie, polecenie | Development: Script / General |
| nail | to perform perfectly, succeed | dać radę, zrobić coś dobrze | Development: Script / General |
| nuance | a subtle difference in or shade of meaning, expression or sound | subtelny szczegół, niuans | Development: Script / General |
| open-ended | having no predetermined end, limit or boundary | nieokreślony, stwarzający możliwość dowolnej interpretacji | Development: Script / General |
| oppose | to actively resist; disagree with | sprzeciwić się, przeciwstawiać się | Development: Script / General |
| out of order | not in the correct sequence; not working properly or at all | niezgodny z porządkiem, niesprawny, niedziałający | Development: Script / General |
| permit | an official document that allows you to do something or go somewhere | pozwolenie | Development: Script / General |
| pitch deck or sales deck | usually a series of slides. It is a valuable tool to verbally sell a script to studio executives, producers or anyone else within the industry. It explains why the film is being made. It allows to delve into the specifics of overall style, visual impact, tone of the film casting, location, crew, and more | krótka prezentacja opisująca główne założenia filmu, mająca na celu przekonanie innych do wspólnej realizacji projektu | Development: Script / General |
| praise | to express warm approval or admiration | chwalić, wychwalać | Development: Script / General |
| prequel | a film, book, or play that develops the story of an earlier film, etc. by telling you what happened before the events in the first film, etc. | film o wydarzeniach wcześniejszych niż opisane w pierwowzorze | Development: Script / General |
| repeat collaboration | a collaboration that happens more than once | powtórna współpraca | Development: Script / General |
| report | to give a description of something or information about it to someone | raportować | Development: Script / General |
| respectively | separately or individually and in the order already mentioned (used when enumerating two or more items or facts that refer back to a previous statement) | odpowiednio (w wymienionej kolejności, np. kosztowały odpowiednio 30 i 50 dolarów) | Development: Script / General |
| risk | the possibility of something bad happening | ryzyko | Development: Script / General |
| scene | an event that takes place entirely in one location or time. If we go outside from inside, it's a new scene. If we cut to five minutes later, it's a new scene | scena | Development: Script / General |
| scramble | to make one's way quickly or awkwardly up a steep gradient or over rough ground by using one's hands and feet | nieudolna wspinaczka, gramolenie się (pod górę) | Development: Script / General |
| sequel | the second instalment in a series, the continuation of an existing story | kontynuacja istniejącej historii, druga część opowieści | Development: Script / General |
| setting | the time and the place in which the action of a book, film, play, etc. happens | sceneria | Development: Script / General |
| shooting script | a later version of the screenplay in which each separate shot is numbered and camera directions are indicated | scenopis | Development: Script / General |
| showcase | to show the best qualities or parts of something | wystawiać na pokaz, promować, przedstawiać | Development: Script / General |
| slasher | a film in which people, especially young women, are killed very violently with knives | horror, w którym popełniane są morderstwa, zazwyczaj na młodych kobietach | Development: Script / General |
| sleeper hit | an entertainment product that was projected to be moderately successful, but surprisingly became a hit | niespodziewany sukces | Development: Script / General |
| slugline (scene heading) | basic set description at the top of a script scene, written in all caps, providing information as to whether the scene is interior vs. exterior, etc. | didaskalia / informacje o scenie (czas, lokacja, warunki pogodowe, itp.) | Development: Script / General |
| soulful | expressing deep feelings or emotion, spiritual | pełen emocji, głębokich uczuć, uduchowiony | Development: Script / General |
| sprawling | existing or reaching over a large area | rozciągnięty, rozwlekły | Development: Script / General |
| spur | to encourage an activity or development or make it happen faster | zachęcać | Development: Script / General |
| stale | no longer new and interesting or exciting; no longer fresh (food) | przestarzały | Development: Script / General |
| star-studded | with a lot of famous people in it | w gwiazdorskiej obsadzie | Development: Script / General |
| story analyst or reader | a person employed by a studio or producer to read submitted scripts, synopsize and evaluate them | recenzent scenariuszowy | Development: Script / General |
| sub-genre | a subdivision of a genre of film such as e.g. chick flicks, courtroom dramas, etc. | podgatunek | Development: Script / General |
| suited for | right or appropriate for something | nadający się, dopasowany do, odpowiedni do | Development: Script / General |
| synopsis | a short, often one-paragraph description of the contents of something such as a film or book | synopsis, streszczenie | Development: Script / General |
| tackle | to try to deal with something or someone | uporać się z czymś, stawiać czoło problemom | Development: Script / General |
| the craft of acting | the skill of acting | rzemiosło aktorskie | Development: Script / General |
| theme | an underlying philosophical, social or spiritual message that gives the plot meaning | motyw | Development: Script / General |
| three act structure | the beginning, middle, and end of a story, played out in linear sequence (setup, confrontation, resolution) | struktura trzech aktów | Development: Script / General |
| trait | feature, characteristic | cecha charakteru | Development: Script / General |
| treatment | a prose account of the story line of a film. Usually between 10 and 50 pages. Comes after an outline and before first draft screenplay | treatment, opis fabuły, zarys scenariusza | Development: Script / General |
| triquel | the third instalment in a series, the continuation of an existing story | kontynuacja istniejącej historii, trzecia część opowieści | Development: Script / General |
| ultimately | finally, after a series of things have happened | ostatecznie, w końcu, finalnie, koniec końców | Development: Script / General |
| undercut | to weaken, undermine, damage or cause the failure of something | podważyć coś, psuć coś | Development: Script / General |
| unfold | develop, become clear to other people | rozwijać się (o fabule), toczyć się (o akcji) | Development: Script / General |
| villain | a character whose evil actions or motives are important to the plot | czarny charakter | Development: Script / General |
| wit | the capacity for inventive thought and quick understanding | inteligencja, rozum, dowcip (umiejętność mówienia rzeczy zabawnych i sprytnych) | Development: Script / General |
| catalyst (catalytic) | a character, event or circumstance that forces the protagonist into a quest or achieving a goal | postać, wydarzenie lub okoliczności, które zmuszają protagonistę do wykonania jakiegoś zadania lub osiągnięcia celu | Development: Script / Plot |
| conflict | opposition, controversy, struggle or antipathy between a character and themselves, their situation, another character, society etc. | konflikt | Development: Script / Plot |
| falling action | when the tension eases in the story; events after the climax, leading to the resolution | opadające napięcie akcji | Development: Script / Plot |
| linear structure | a plot structure that runs in a chronological or logical cause-and-effect sequence | liniowa konstrukcja fabularna / sekwencja przyczynowo-skutkowa | Development: Script / Plot |
| objective | the goal or desire of a protagonist(s) | cel, zamiar, dążenie (protagonisty) | Development: Script / Plot |
| obstacle | a barrier or reversal that presents a challenge to a protagonist’s achievement of an objective | przeszkoda (na drodze protagonisty do osiągnięcia celu) | Development: Script / Plot |
| outcome | the resolution of a story in terms of the protagonist’s objective | wynik losów protagonisty | Development: Script / Plot |
| red herring | a false lead, assumed outcome or obvious solution that a writer plants in a story to fool the audience | fałszywy trop | Development: Script / Plot |
| rising action | the section of a story that leads toward its climax | rosnące napięcie akcji | Development: Script / Plot |
| sequence | a scene, or a series of connected scenes, that present a succession of related events or idea that constitute and advance a distinct component of the story narrative, plot and/or character development | sekwencja /sceny powiązanych wydarzeń stanowiące pewną zamkniętą całość | Development: Script / Plot |
| setback | something that interferes with progress | przeszkoda, komplikacja, niepowodzenie | Development: Script / Plot |
| subplot | a secondary plot line that enhances a main plot and intersects with it at a crucial point in the climax | wątek poboczny | Development: Script / Plot |
| turning point | an action point that is a reaction to an obstacle in the way of a protagonist’s objective; turning points raise the stakes, move the action in a different direction or to a different playing area and force the protagonist to take a new or different tack | punkt zwrotny | Development: Script / Plot |
| angle on | used to emphasise a specific object in a shot to indicate that a different camera angle is to be used to show it | "ujęcie na" - zmiana kąta kamery na dany obiekt | Development: Script / Technical |
| back to / back to scene | the camera reverts to its original scene, shot position or location | powrót do wspomnianej wcześniej sceny lub ustawienia | Development: Script / Technical |
| background (b.g.) | any action or object(s) which is secondary to the main action and which appears far behind the main action, and which serves as a backdrop for that action | tło | Development: Script / Technical |
| beat | in a screenplay, this term is used to indicate a pause in a character's speech or action. Also refers to actions or incidents within scenes | chwila zawahania, krótka pauza, sekunda czasu ekranowego | Development: Script / Technical |
| CLOSE SHOT | a camera shot that includes only the head and shoulders of a character. Always typed in capital letters | plan bliski | Development: Script / Technical |
| CLOSEUP (C.U.) | a camera shot that closely emphasizes (isolates) a detail in a person, animal or object. Always typed in capital letters and is usually abbreviated | zbliżenie | Development: Script / Technical |
| CUT / CUT OUT | instantaneous transition (change) from a scene (or a shot, or another person) to another. Always typed in capital letters | natychmiastowe przejście do następnego ujęcia lub sceny | Development: Script / Technical |
| DOLLY, DOLLY IN / OUT | camera movement towards or away from a subject, involving physical movement of the camera. Always typed in capital letters | jazda, najeżdżać i odjeżdżać kamerą | Development: Script / Technical |
| EXTERIOR, ext. | denotes a shot taken outdoors | ujęcie w plenerze | Development: Script / Technical |
| EXTREME CLOSEUP (E.C.U.) | a camera shot that is extremely close to a subject, used to emphasise some particular detail. Usually typed out in full in capital letters | duże zbliżenie | Development: Script / Technical |
| EXTREME LONG SHOT | a camera shot usually taken from a long distance away from the subject. Always typed out in full in capital letters | plan totalny | Development: Script / Technical |
| FADE IN / FADE OUT | a smooth, gradual transition from complete blackness to a scene (fade in); gradual transition from a scene to complete blackness (fade out). Always typed out in full in capital letters | wygasanie / rozjaśnianie się ekranu do / z czerni, przejście między scenami | Development: Script / Technical |
| foreground (f.g.) | the area of the scene (objects or action) which is closest to the camera | pierwszy, przedni plan | Development: Script / Technical |
| freeze frame | camera direction (which is really an optical printing or other effect) where a single frame is repeated over time to give the illusion that all action has stopped | stop-klatka | Development: Script / Technical |
| I/E (INT.EXT.) | refers to shots taken in both an interior and an exterior location. For example, I/E would be used for a scene in which shots alternate between the interior and the exterior of a car. It will be up to the director and then the editor to determine when we see the inside of the location (the car) and the outside | scena mająca miejsce zarówno we wnętrzu, jak i w plenerze | Development: Script / Technical |
| INTERIOR, int. | denotes a shot taken indoors | ujęcie we wnętrzu | Development: Script / Technical |
| isolate | a tight focus on an object or person | ujęcie skupiające się na danym zbliżeniu, niezależnie od tego, co dzieje się z innymi postaciami lub przestrzeniami w scenie | Development: Script / Technical |
| long shot, wide shot | camera shot that is taken at a considerable distance from the subject, usually containing a large number of background objects. Always spelled out in capital letters | plan ogólny | Development: Script / Technical |
| magic hour | in film and video production, it is the period just before sunrise or just after sunset when the sun is not visible, yet its light is diffused evenly and has a soft quality that is considered ideal for creating atmospheric images | złota godzina; pora dnia po wschodzie oraz przed zachodem słońca, w której występuje szczególne oświetlenie | Development: Script / Technical |
| match cut | an edit in which physical elements or actions in the first shot greatly resemble actions or physical elements in the next shot | rodzaj przejścia montażowego - w obu scenach postacie lub przedmioty ustawione są w podobny sposób | Development: Script / Technical |
| medium shot (med. shot) | camera shot often used to describe a shot of character from approximately the waist up | plan średni | Development: Script / Technical |
| montage | a scene heading which indicates a rapid succession of shots | montaż, szybka sukcesja scen tworzących pewną narracyjną całość | Development: Script / Technical |
| moving / moving shot | camera shot which follows whatever is being filmed | ujęcie w ruchu | Development: Script / Technical |
| narration | off-screen commentary, which is heard over the action. Also referred to as a voice over | narracja | Development: Script / Technical |
| offscreen (O.S.) | indicates that the character speaking is not visible in the frame. Always abbreviated in all capital letters and enclosed in parentheses. Not the same as Voice Over (V.O.), in which the narrator is not one of the characters playing in the scene | poza kadrem, np. wypowiedź postaci, której nie ma na ekranie | Development: Script / Technical |
| pan | a camera shot (from the word panorama) where the camera moves gradually from right to left or left to right, without stopping; to slowly move to another subject or setting without cutting the action | ujęcie panoramiczne lub szwenk | Development: Script / Technical |
| point of view (P.O.V.) | a camera position that views a scene from the viewpoint of a particular character. Always abbreviated in capital letters with periods after each letter | ujęcie realizowane z punktu widzenia konkretnej postaci | Development: Script / Technical |
| storyboard | a series of drawings or images showing the planned order of shots | storyboard / scenorys, scenopis obrazkowy, seria szkiców będących wskazówkami przy filmowaniu | Development: Script / Technical |
| SUPER (superimpose) | the effect of showing one image over another. Always typed in capital letters | podwójna ekspozycja | Development: Script / Technical |
| two-shot | camera shot of two people, usually from the waist up | ujęcie z dwiema osobami w kadrze | Development: Script / Technical |
| voiceover (V.O.) | audio from an unseen narrator accompanying video, heard above background sound or music | voice over, głos lektora | Development: Script / Technical |
| wipe | a wide variety of patterned transitions in which images seem to move (or push) other images off the screen | roletka (sposób montażu filmu, w którym jedna klatka stopniowo zastępuje drugą) | Development: Script / Technical |
| zoom in / zoom out | a quick transition from a long shot to a close shot or the reverse, usually achieved by manipulating the camera's lens | przejście z planu ogólnego do bliskiego i odwrotnie | Development: Script / Technical |